The Puning Temple is one of the
famous Eight Outer Temples in Chengde City, Hebei Province. The Eight Outer
Temples were constructed from the 52nd year (1713) of Emperor
Kangxi's reign to the 45th year (1780) of Emperor Qianlong's reign.
Originally there were 11 temples, but now there are only seven temples and one
relic left, which are collectively called the Eight Outer Temples. There are the
Puren Temple, the Pule Temple, the Anyuan Temple and the Pushan Temple (the only
existing relic) to the east of the Mountain Resort; the Puning Temple, the Xumi
Fushou Temple, the Putuo Zongsheng Temple and the Shuxiang Temple to the north
of the Mountain Resort. All these temples are resplendent and magnificent,
dotting the Mountain Resort like a myriad of stars surrounding the moon. If the
halls and palaces of the Mountain Resort are the symbol of an emperor's reign,
then the numerous temples represent different regions or ethics, which have
different political and historical background. These temples and the Mountain
Resort together form a picture that symbolizes national integrity and ethical
unity.
The Puning Temple was constructed in the
20th year (1755) of the Qianlong reign. In order to celebrate the
suppression of rebellion of Junggar tribe, Emperor Qianlong invited the four
troops that participated in the suppression to the Mountain Resort in October in
the 20th year of the Qianlong reign. He dubbed leaders of the four
troops, and ordered to build the Puning Temple.
The Puning Temple is of grand scale,
occupying an area of more than 23,000 square meters. The main structure in the
temple is the Hall of Great Buddha. The hall is 36.75 meters high, and has six
storeys and multiple eaves. The top of the hall is a gold-plated dome. The hall,
full of power and grandeur, is a representative of the architectural style of
Chinese temples and mosques. A Bodhisattva statue with thousands of hands and
eyes is enshrined in the hall. The statue, 21.85 meters in height and 110 tons
in weight, is carved out of wood and plated with gold. It sits on a locus throne
of 2.22 meters high. The statue has 42 hands, two of which clamp together and
the rest with different musical instruments in them. The statue, with its
dignified manner, is one of the famous large-scale wood-carved Buddha statues in
China. The Hall of Great Buddha emblematizes Sumeru, and the Hall of Day Light,
the Hall of Moon Light on the two sides of the Hall of Great Buddha symbolize
day and moon respectively. There are black, red, white and green pagodas and
eight white high terraces on the four sides of the Hall of Great Buddha. All
around the hall there are other Tibetan constructions, such as pagodas and
terraces. Besides the Hall of Great Buddha, there are the Miaoyan Room and the
Hall of Scripture Preaching, where Qing emperors listened to the preaching and
had a rest.
Three stone tablets are preserved in the
Puning Temple. The whole building complex of the Puning Temple mixed the
artistic style for Han, Tibetan and Indian architectures, and formed the typical
image of a Buddha World with Buddha statues as its main body, holding an
important position in the history of Chinese architecture.