The Dazhao Temple is the early
Buddhist Temple of the Tubo Dynasty. According to historical documents, in year
of 647, Tubo Songtsan Gambo gave order to build up a Buddhist hall in the royal
court to collect josses and classical scriptures so as to marry in Princess
Wencheng of the Tang Dynasty and Princess Bhrikuti of the Nepal Kingdom. The
land selected, the architecture designed by Princess Wencheng, and the
construction supervised by Princess Bhrikuti, the temple was originally named
the White Hair Goddess Palace, and renamed as the Dazhao Temple in the Qing
Dynasty (1644-1911), and formed the present scale through the expansions and
repairs during the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties (1271-911). The temple,
covering an area of over 25,000 square meters, includes buildings like the Hall
of Sakyamuni, the Hall for Worshiping Buddha and bKa'-gshags governmental
agencies.
The Hall of Sakyamuni is the most important
in the temple. The three-storeyed hall enshrines a statue of Sakyamuni, which
Tang Dynasty Princess Wencheng brought to Lhasa. The dooryard of the Hall of
Sakyamuni is not big in area. In the east of the dooryard there is a mandala
surrounded by 24 giant columns, which served as a meeting place in front of the
Hall for Worshiping Buddha. There are 2-storeyed corridors in east, south and
north outside. On the west side of the Hall of Sakyamuni there is a courtyard
walled by a 2-storeyed building with a corridor as its outskirt.
The whole temple adopted the Han nationality
architectural style of the Tang Dynasty in several aspects such as roof beams,
sunk panels, and wooden square blocks inserted between the top of a column and a
crossbeam, etc, while the eaves of interior corridor are decorated with rows of
divine animals and wooden sphinx carvings, etc, assuming the flavor of
architectures in the Western Regions. Tibetan frescoes were painted all around
on the corridor and the halls' walls, describing Princess Wencheng Enter Tibet and other
historical facts. The total length of these frescoes is about 1,000 meters, and
of high historical and artistic value.
In front of the Dazhao Temple gate, there
are a stele engraved with historical record of the Alliance between the Tang
Dynasty and the Tubo Kingdom in the year of 823, and the Princess Willow Tree.
Legend has it that when Tang Dynasty Princess Wencheng was married in Tubo, she
planted this willow tree. All this has become historic testimony for the unity
between Chinese Han and Tibet nationality, and the Tang Dynasty - Tubo Kingdom
Alliance Stele is the important historic substantial material for the research
into the Han-Tibet exchange in the Tang Dynasty.
The architecture of the Dazhao Temple is
splendid, making the old Lhasa City assume a strong religious atmosphere.