The site of the Three Pagodas of
Congsheng Temple is located at the piedmont of the Zhonghe Peak of Cangshan
Mountain, right in front of the former Congsheng Temple, which is in one
kilometer's reach to the northwest of Dali City, Yuannan Province.
The Congsheng Temple is no longer there, and
only the Three Pagodas of Congsheng Temple stand there today. The pagodas built
of bricks are one big and two small, and they lean upon Cangshan Mountain, and
face the Erhai Sea to the west, standing as three rival powers with imposing
appearance.
The main pagoda of the Three Pagodas is the
Grand Pagoda, also called Qianxun Pagoda, set in the middle, and was established
during the King Quan Fengyou reign of the Nanzhao Kingdom (824-859). The main
pagoda is 69.13 meters high, with 16 layers, and in the first layer there are 16
layers of dense eaves with elegant arc profiles. The pagoda body has a thick
holy loop structure, with vertical internal walls, and wooden stairs lead to the
top. At the bottom of the pagoda, there are two layers of tall bases, where the
pagoda body is so seated on, the upper layer of the base is made of bricks,
which is 2.07 meter high, and the lower base is surrounded with handrails and
pillars.
This pagoda has a similar appearance and
structure with the Small Wild Goose Pagoda in Xi'an, the Pagoda of the Songyue
Temple in Henan, they are typical dense-eaved brick pagodas of the Tang Dynasty
(618-907), and are really masterpieces of that time. In the middle of each
layer's facade of the main pagoda there is a shrine where sits a white marble
joss, and the pagoda top is rolled into round shape. During the repair of the
main pagoda in 1979, 3 bronze carving plates were discovered in the basement of
the pagoda, recording repairs in the year of 1000, 1142 and 1154, respectively,
as well as many josses, Bodhisattva statues, hand-written sutras, bronze
mirrors, porcelains, magical instruments, prints, lutes, coins, various small
pagoda models, and gold and silver crafts. In the basement of the pagoda, over
600 precious relics such as porcelain josses, small pagodas, Sanskrit Sutra and
paternoster prints were also excavated, which have significant historical,
cultural and artistic value. Among those, graphic volume of Vajira Path Classics, and handwritten
translation of the Pure Land Sutra and the Great Nirvana Sutra
of the Tang Dynasty are most precious relics, and of
high historical and cultural value, and being precious substantial material for
research into the history of Nanzhao and Dali Kingdoms.
The two small pagodas seated in north and
south are 70 meters away from the main pagoda, respectively, and they are both
42.19 meters high with an octagonal plane. The bodies of these two pagodas are
coated with white mud. The pagoda base has two layers, and there are joss niches
and josses in eight sides of the first layer. Except that the second and the
eighth layer of the pagoda body are carved with stone josses in their opening
side of joss niches, the rest layers are engraved with propitious clouds, lotus
thrones, and vase, etc, showing luxuriance and solemn. On the top of each
pagoda, there are 3 bronze calabashes, and the pagoda is in a unique shape with
Song Dynasty architecture style, and its construction should have been in the
Dali Kingdom Era in the 11th century.
The former Congsheng Temple used to have a
magnificent layout, but it was destroyed in the late Qing Dynasty, the Three
Pagodas of the temple, though experiencing weather erosion and some intense
earthquakes through more than 1,000 years, stand imposingly erect and win the
fame far and wide at home and abroad, becoming a symbol of tourism in Dali and
even Yunnan Province.