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Xiudingsi Pagoda
The Xiudingsi Pagoda is
located in the south foot of Qingliang Mountain in the Taihang Mountain Range 35
kilometers to the northwest of Anyang County, Henan Province.
The Xiudingsi Pagoda lies inside the original Xiuding Temple. There are
chains of mountains around the temple. The mountains are lofty, with springs
here and there, forming a beautiful landscape. It is said that the Xiuding
Temple was built in the eighteenth year (494) of the Taihe reign of the Northern
Wei Dynasty (386-534) and originally named Tiancheng Temple. The temple was
expanded in the Northern Qi Dynasty (550-577) and renamed as Heshui Temple. The
temple has a large scale. Emperor Wenxuan of the Northern Qi Dynasty came here
three times. The temple became more imposing after reconstructions during the
Sui (581-618)) and Tang (618-907) Dynasties, and got the new name Xiuding
Temple. The temple was destroyed at the end of the Qing Dynasty except the
Xiudingsi Pagoda. The pagoda was built in the Zhenguan reign (627-649) of the
Tang Dynasty (618-907). It is a single-layer dagoba of brick carving. For the
red body, it is commonly known as Red Pagoda.
The original pagoda is 20 meters in height, composed of the base, body and
peak. The pagoda base is a pedestal with an octagonal plane. The body is a
square, with an arch in the south wall. Many Buddha niches and inscriptions of
the Tang and Song Dynasties can be found on the forehead of the door. The peak
resembles an overturn pot, and is in a luxury and splendid style, rarely seen
among pagodas of the Tang Dynasty. Now the peak is damaged.
The body is built of over 5,000 carved bricks that were molded with patterns
of diamond, triangle, rectangle and parallelogram. The contents of carvings are
rich and colorful. The patterns include black dragon, white tiger, Taoist
master, knight, Buddha's warrior attendants, Hercules, Handmaiden, Flying
Apsaras, treasured elephant, strong lion, heavenly horse, boa, flower, colorful
ribbon and so on, totaling 72 types of patterns. The carving techniques are
superb, and the figures are so vivid that it seems to be coming out of the wall.
The sculpture is a treasure among the artworks of the Tang Dynasty. There are
arch doors in the south wall of the pagoda. These doors were built by laying
carved bricks too. Hemicycle stony foreheads of the doors are located niches for
Amida Buddha, Sakyamuni Buddha, Bhaisajyaguru Buddha. There are josses,
disciples, Bodhisattvas and heavenly kings, altogether 9 figures. The flamboyant
back light behind the josses reflects an artistic style of the prosperous period
of the Tang Dynasty.
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