The Federal Military Government of the Federal Republic of Nigeria and the Government of the People's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as "the Contracting Parties"), desirous of strengthening the mutual ties of friendship and understanding existing between their two countries and of further promoting and developing their relations in the fields of culture, education, science and public health, guided by the principles of mutual respect for each other's national sovereignty and independence, have agreed as follows:

Article 1

The Contracting Parties shall, subject to the laws and regulations prevailing in each country, endeavor to accord each other every possible facility to ensure better understanding of their respective cultures and to this end shall cooperate in the field of culture and arts by:

(a) Organizing exchange programs for their musical and theatrical groups, artistes, actors, musicians and journalists;
(b) Encouraging and organizing concerts and performing tours of troupes and lecture tours on culture and arts in their countries;
(c) Holding of exhibitions on culture and arts in each other's country.

Article 2

For the purpose of learning about and understanding the culture and civilization of each other, the Contracting Parties shall:

(a) Translate and publish outstanding works of literature and art of each other's country;
(b) Facilitate the exchange of views, information and materials concerning antiquities, natural history and the arts;
(c) Encourage and organize the exchange of bocks, periodicals, publications, magazines, newspapers and other materials between the relevant authorities of both Contracting Parties.

Article 3

The Contracting Parties shall pursue the following programs of exchange and co-operation in the field of education:

(a) Exchange of visits, study and lecture tours of university teachers, scholars and experts;
(b) Each of the Contracting Parties, as far as possible, shall exchange and award scholarships and encourage self-paid students to study in each other's country.

Article 4

The Contracting Parties shall, by mutual consent, establish requisite conditions for the evaluation of certificates, university degrees, diplomas and other academic qualifications awarded in their countries.

Article 5

The Contracting Parties shall not only make available to each other the educational statistics and information that could render useful contribution in educational developments, but also facilitate the establishment of direct contracts and cooperation and libraries of the two countries.

Article 6

The Contracting Parties shall encourage cooperation in the field of mass communications by the exchange of radio and television materials, film and press organizations, and shall arrange the exchange of specialists who will participate in the activities organized by each Contracting Party.

Article 7

The Contracting Parties shall promote cooperation in the field of sports and encourage contracts between their sports organizations not only in the interest of' development of sports generally, but with the specific aim of arranging friendly sports competitions between the relevant organizations in their countries.

Article 8

The Contracting Parties shall encourage the participation of their representatives at international congresses, conferences, seminars, lecture tours and other meetings in social sciences and other fields held in their respective countries.

Article 9

The representatives of the Federal Republic of Nigeria and of the People's Republic of China shall observe the laws and regulations of the host country when participating in programs or projects organized under this Agreement.

Article 10

The Contracting Parties shall, for the purpose of implementing this Agreement, jointly elaborate and coordinate, by means of direct meetings of appropriate authorities, or through diplomatic channels, plans for concrete undertakings within the terms of this Agreement.

Article 11

Financial arrangements connected with the implementation of this Agreement shall be agreed on separately unless otherwise provided for in every separate case by special agreement.

Article 12

The Contracting Parties shall endeavor to prevent and discourage illegal trafficking in each other's national literary and cultural properties and treasures.

Article 13

(a) The Contracting Parties shall settle through diplomatic channels, all issues concerning the interpretation or application of the provisions of this Agreement;
(b) Any amendment to or revision of this Agreement shall be made in written text and shall come into force after mutual approval in written text by the Contracting Parties.

Article 14

This Agreement shall not affect the validity of any obligation arising from other international agreements, conventions, treaties or protocols concluded by either of the Contracting Parties.

Article 15

This Agreement shall enter into force provisionally upon its signature and definitively on the exchange of notes confirming that it has been approved in accordance with laws and constitutional procedures or laws and regulations of the Contracting Parties. It shall remain valid for a period of five (5) years, renewable automatically for successive periods of five years unless notice to terminate it is given in writing by one of the Contracting Parties six (6) months prior to the expiration of the validity.

Article 16

At the expiration or termination of this Agreement, its provisions and the provisions of any separate protocols, contracts, agreements or accords made in that respect shall continue to govern any unexpired and existing obligations or projects commenced thereunder. Any such obligations or projects shall be carried on to completion.

Done in Lagos on March 28th, 1990. In English and Chinese languages, both texts being equally authentic.