The term "the Chinese nationality" first came into use during the mid-19th century. However, China has actually been compromised of many different, ethnic groups, since ancient times. This is one of the distinctive features of China's social development. In 221 BC, China's first emperor, Qin Shihuang, brought an end to the existing political system of fragmented states, establishing the Qin Dynasty (221-207 BC) and for the first time creating a unified, multi-ethnic nation. During the Han Dynasty (206 BC-220 AD), which succeeded the Qin, this multi-ethnic China in size. The rise and fall of subsequent dynasties continued to stimulate ethnic migration and exchange. Finally, with the establishment in 1949 of the People's Republic of China, China officially became a nation consisting of fifty-six different ethnic groups, among which the Han constitutes the majority. Although each of China's ethnic groups possesses distinctive traditions, lifestyles, languages, and environments, these differences never inhibited their communication or collaboration. Rather, the common goal of national development, as well as a common Chinese identity, serve as powerful forces for solidarity and understanding, Appreciating and drawing from other's traditions, China's ethnic groups mutually create the rich tapestry of Chinese culture.

This illustrated volume offers a selection of outstanding works by contemporary Chinese photographers. Including photographs of natural scenery, cultural artifacts, and daily life, it provides a vivid glimpse of China's ancient civilization and modern society. It is hoped that this volume will enable readers from diverse backgrounds to gain a closer understanding of China and its culture, come to appreciate China's natural world and cultural legacy, both ancient and modern, and experience the magnificent vitality of Chinese culture.