Scientific research shows that the sword is mainly a bronze alloy composed of cuprum, stannum and a small quantity of aluminum, iron, nickel and sulfur, and the flower pattern was probably a result of sulfuration. The proportion of cuprum and stannum also varies in different parts of the sword. The main body of the sword consists of more cuprum, which strengthens its tenacity; its edges are richer in stannum, which makes the sword very sharp.

In the 1990s, other research has revealed a high proportion of sulfur around the flower pattern and sulfide cuprum, which is rustproof. On the blade's surface scientists have also found traces of a chemical treatment used to prevent rust.

The sword of Goujian is one of the most exquisite examples of early metallurgy in China. Even today, the sword would be very difficult to replicate.