But Chinese traditional ideas encouraged calm, peace, and tolerance, so ancient sports in China were different from their more exciting and competitive versions in the west. The game gradually declined in popularity in the mid-Qing Dynasty.

 Ways to Play Cuju

There are mainly two ways to play cuju: "Zhu Qiu" and "Bai Da"

"Zhu Qiu" was commonly performed at court feasts celebrating the emperor's birthday or during diplomatic events. This competitive match between two teams consisted of 12-16 players on each side.

"Bai Da" was the dominant cuju style of the Song Dynasty, attaching much importance to developing personal skills. The goal became obsolete in this method and the playing field was enclosed with thread, with players taking turns to kick the ball within. The number of fouls made by the players decided the winner.

For example, if the ball was not passed far enough to reach the other players, points were deducted. If the ball was kicked too far out, a big deduction was made. Kicking the ball too low or turning at the wrong moment all led to fewer points. Players could touch the ball with any part of the body except their hands and the number of players ranged anywhere from two to 10. In the end, the player with the highest score would win.

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