The Chinese Athletics Association (CAA) was founded in Beijing in 1954. It is a non-governmental organization enjoying all the rights of an independent legal person. The CAA has the corporate membership of the All-China Sports Federation. The CAA is a national sports association in charge of the athletic sports in China recognized by the China Olympic Committee.

Under the CAA there are seven committees, namely the Training Committee, the Tournament Committee, the Development Committee, the Publicity Committee, the Facility and Equipment Committee, the Medical Affairs Committee and the Secretariat. CAA also has 44 branches nationwide.