Zhanguo Wenzi
(characters of the Warring States Period) is a collective name of Chinese
characters used in different states during the Warring States Period.
From Jiaguwen (scripts on tortoise
shells and animal bones) in the Shang Dynasty (17th -กก
11th century BC) and Jinwen (inscriptions on bronze) in the
Western Zhou Dynasty (11th century - 771BC) and the Spring and
Autumn Period (770-476BC) to Zhanguo Wenzi, Chinese characters witnessed
big changes. In the Warring States Period (476-221BC), different states had
different written languages and these languages had many differences in
structure and writing styles of characters. With economic and cultural
development, use of characters was prevalent and writing materials extended to
porcelain, bamboo, silk, currency and seal besides bronze ware. As a result,
Chinese characters in different areas featured differently.
From a broader sense, Zhanguo Wenzi
fell into two systems -- characters of the six states and characters of Qin
state. Characters of the six states refer to those characters used in the six
states of Han, Zhao, Wei, Qi, Zhu and Yan and some other small kingdoms such as
Zhongshan, Yue and Teng, etc. Compared with Jinwen, characters of the six
states featured simplified and unbending strokes and rough-and-tumble
structures. Characters of Qin state were similar to Jinwen of the Western
Zhou Dynasty and the Spring and Autumn Period and they featured relatively
uniform structures. Characters of Qin state were called Zhouwen or
Dazhuan (greater seal script) by later generations.
Due to different practices in writing
languages in different states and different areas, graphemes of Zhanguo Wenzi
were in a mess and a same character usually had quite different writing
ways.