Supernatural Stories refer to the fictions
about gods and spirits from the period from 206BC-589AD, which were mostly from
necromancers and wizards.
After the Han Dynasty (206BC-220AD), Taoism
and Buddhism as well as superstitious thoughts prevailed in the society, leading
to the emergence of stories about spirits. The word Zhiguai
(supernatural) was used in the titles of many works at that time.
Of all the supernatural stories, Records
of Spirits (Sou Shen Ji) by Gan Bao represents the highest achievement of
the genre at that time. The extant edition was reedited in the Ming Dynasty
(1368-1644) with a total of 20 volumes, and some of them are doubted not to be
written by Gan Bao. The book included many stories about spirits, as well as
beautiful mythologies and folklores. Many of them were very popular among the
people and some were adapted into operas and colloquial novels.
Complete natural stories also included
Later Records of Spirits (Sou Shen Hou Ji) by Tao Yuanming and The
Gleaning (Shi Yi Ji) by Wang Jia, etc. Most of other works were lost, and a
small part of scattered stories were collected into Rediscovering Ancient
Lost Novels.
However, people at that time did not regard
the form as fictions. For instance, in the preface to Records of Spirits
(Sou Shen Ji), Gan Bao said that he wrote this book for the purpose of reasoning
the substantial existence of spirits. Therefore, people at that time read them
as history books. Today, Supernatural Stories are categorized as fictions in
general. On the one hand, it referred to the taxonomy of bibliography in the
Song Dynasty (960-1279); on the other hand, it contributed to the development of
Chinese novels. The Supernatural Stories bred the emergence of Saga Novels in
the Tang Dynasty (618-907), which marked the maturation of Chinese
novels.